How to list users, add users, edit users and more in Ubuntu 12.04

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To list all users you can use:

To add a new user you can use:

^{This command is more user-friendly than adduser. PERL script which uses useradd in the backend.}
or:

^{Less user-friendly than adduser, but see What is the difference between adduser and useradd?}

To remove/delete a user, first you can use:

Then you may want to delete the home directory for the deleted user account:

^{Use with caution! If you’re unsure, first back up the home directory using the command below:}

To modify the username of a user:

To change the password for a user:

To change the shell for a user:

To change the details for a user (for example real name):

And, of course, see also: man adduser, man useradd, man userdel… and so on.

Note: This is a modified version of this answer on AskBuntu which was so concise.